本文共 21343 字，大约阅读时间需要 71 分钟。
操作系统
# cat /etc/centos-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)# uname --kernel-release3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
执行命令 yum install --assumeyes gcc，安装过程：
# yum install --assumeyes gccLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.5-39.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 will be installed---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-307.el7.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-307.el7.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64---> Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 will be updated--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-292.el7 for package: glibc-common-2.17-292.el7.x86_64---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 will be an update---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 will be updated---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 will be an update---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved============================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size=============================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: gcc x86_64 4.8.5-39.el7 base 16 MInstalling for dependencies: cpp x86_64 4.8.5-39.el7 base 5.9 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1 base 1.1 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1 base 689 k kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7 updates 9.0 M libmpc x86_64 1.0.1-3.el7 base 51 k mpfr x86_64 3.1.1-4.el7 base 203 kUpdating for dependencies: glibc x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1 base 3.6 M glibc-common x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1 base 11 MTransaction Summary=============================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)Total download size: 48 MDownloading packages:Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.(1/9): glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:03 (2/9): glibc-headers-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64.rpm | 689 kB 00:00:01 (3/9): cpp-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.9 MB 00:00:13 (4/9): libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (5/9): mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00:00 (6/9): glibc-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:00:15 (7/9): gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 MB 00:00:16 (8/9): kernel-headers-3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 9.0 MB 00:00:14 (9/9): glibc-common-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:00:29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 1.6 MB/s | 48 MB 00:00:29 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Updating : glibc-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 1/11 Updating : glibc-common-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 2/11 Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 3/11 Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 4/11 Installing : cpp-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64 5/11 Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7.x86_64 6/11 Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 7/11 Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 8/11 Installing : gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64 9/11 Cleanup : glibc-2.17-292.el7.x86_64 10/11 Cleanup : glibc-common-2.17-292.el7.x86_64 11/11 Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7.x86_64 1/11 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 2/11 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 3/11 Verifying : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 4/11 Verifying : glibc-common-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 5/11 Verifying : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 6/11 Verifying : cpp-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64 7/11 Verifying : gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64 8/11 Verifying : glibc-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 9/11 Verifying : glibc-2.17-292.el7.x86_64 10/11 Verifying : glibc-common-2.17-292.el7.x86_64 11/11 Installed: gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 Dependency Installed: cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 Dependency Updated: glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 Complete!
安装完成，查看版本：
# gcc --versiongcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
使用包管理器查询 gcc 的相关信息：
# rpm --query --all | grep gccgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
列出 gcc 的相关信息：
# rpm --query --list gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64/usr/bin/c89/usr/bin/c99/usr/bin/cc/usr/bin/gcc/usr/bin/gcc-ar/usr/bin/gcc-nm/usr/bin/gcc-ranlib/usr/bin/gcov/usr/bin/x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc/usr/lib/gcc/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbegin.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbeginS.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbeginT.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtend.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtendS.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtfastmath.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtprec32.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtprec64.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtprec80.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libasan.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libasan.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libasan_preinit.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libatomic.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libatomic.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgcc.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgcc_eh.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgcc_s.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgcov.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgomp.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libgomp.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libitm.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libitm.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libmudflap.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libmudflap.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libmudflapth.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libmudflapth.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libquadmath.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/libquadmath.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtbegin.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtbeginS.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtbeginT.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtend.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtendS.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtfastmath.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtprec32.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtprec64.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/crtprec80.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/adxintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/ammintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/avx2intrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/avxintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/bmi2intrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/bmiintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/bmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/cpuid.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/cross-stdarg.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/emmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/f16cintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/float.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/fma4intrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/fmaintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/fxsrintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/ia32intrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/immintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/iso646.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/limits.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/lwpintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/lzcntintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/mm3dnow.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/mm_malloc.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/mmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/nmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/omp.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/pkuintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/pmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/popcntintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/prfchwintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/rdseedintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/rtmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/smmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdalign.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdarg.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdbool.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stddef.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdfix.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdint-gcc.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdint.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/stdnoreturn.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/syslimits.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/tbmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/tmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/unwind.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/varargs.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/wmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/x86intrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/xmmintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/xopintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/xsaveintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/xsaveoptintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/include/xtestintrin.h/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libasan.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libasan_preinit.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libatomic.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libcloog-isl.so.4/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgcc.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgcc_eh.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgcc_s.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgcov.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgomp.a/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgomp.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libgomp.spec/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libitm.spec/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/libtsan.so/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/rpmver/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/usr/libexec/gcc/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/collect2/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/liblto_plugin.so/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/liblto_plugin.so.0/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/liblto_plugin.so.0.0.0/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/lto-wrapper/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/lto1/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/usr/libexec/getconf/usr/libexec/getconf/default/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/COPYING/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/COPYING.LIB/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/COPYING.RUNTIME/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/COPYING3/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/COPYING3.LIB/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-1997.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-1998.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-1999.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2000.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2001.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2002.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2003.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2004.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2005.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2006.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2007.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2008.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2009.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2010.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2011.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog-2012.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.dataflow.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.graphite.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.lib.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.ptr.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.tree-ssa.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/ChangeLog.tuples.bz2/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8.5/README.Portability/usr/share/info/gcc.info.gz/usr/share/info/gccgo.info.gz/usr/share/info/gccinstall.info.gz/usr/share/info/gccint.info.gz/usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/gcc.mo/usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/gcov.1.gz
列出 gcc 运行库的相关信息：
# rpm --query --list libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64/lib64/libgcc_s-4.8.5-20150702.so.1/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/COPYING/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/COPYING.LIB/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/COPYING.RUNTIME/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/COPYING3/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8.5/COPYING3.LIB
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